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our understanding or enhances our enjoyment, is classed as a sweet spot – such as the mem- orable scene in Love Actually when Hugh Grant, as prime minister, dances around Num- ber 10 thinking he's alone. Once the golden ratio points of a film are calculated we ana- lyse which plot elements (sweet spots) run significantly in paral- lel. As it's Christmas, I wanted to test the concept to find if there are patterns evident in our fa- vourite seasonal movies. Using The Independent's 2020 top five Christmas films, I em- ployed the Marley system as an analytical tool to identify any alignment of element activity with golden ratio points in time throughout the duration of five Christmas popular films. A pattern of significant plot elements was generated. These elements were cross referenced against each film's plot, estab- lishing their importance. The more relevant elements that manifested around these points increased the genre's ranking as a golden ratio match. The analysis reveals align- ments between the golden ratio and the plot elements of each film, but the question is, do the alignments highlight the arc of the story? This research uses the ana- lytical approach to see what appears – in terms of the film's plot – at golden ratio points, but does not imply the writers delib- erately used the golden ratio as a catalyst for creation. It simply signifies interesting alignments. Ultimately, whether a movie is aesthetically pleasing is down to the filmmaker's own creative genius. DRY January, the campaign led by Alcohol Change UK that challenges people to get through January without alcohol, is now in its tenth year. In that time it has grown from 4,000 people signing up in 2013 to over 130,000 last year – although it's likely that a far greater number take part without formally regis- tering. Whether this could be your first attempt at a Dry January or you are a seasoned participant, there are ways you can maximise your likelihood of getting to the end of January without drinking alcohol. Behav- ioural science offers some insights. One study that's useful to draw on is the influen- tial "stages of change model", created by two Amer- ican psychologists, James Prochaska and Carlo Di- Clemente. Originally developed with smokers in mind, the stages of change model has been widely used to help people approach and work through change, such as cutting down or quitting alcohol. Rather than viewing change as a binary process of either drinking or not drinking, the stages of change model suggests there are five distinct stages to the process. The first of these is "pre-contemplation" – where there is no intention to change and even a lack of awareness of the need to change. This progresses to "contemplation" where the need to change is recognised, although no ac- tion is taken. It is only once the "preparation" stage is reached that some planning about how cutting down alcohol might be achieved takes place. This is followed by the "action" and "maintenance" stages, but it is preparation that we will con- centrate on here. Preparation is key Rather than waiting until the first of January, it's worth thinking ahead. It's harder both physically and psychologically to abruptly stop a regular pattern of behaviour, such as drinking alcohol. For those that are dependent on alcohol – it could even prove fatal. Your chances of success are improved if you incre- mentally reduce your alcohol intake before January, as this provides time for you to adapt physically and psychologically. Of course, the challenge here is that just before January comes Christmas, and New Year's Eve – celebrations that are often associated with alcohol consumption. Even if you don't cut down your alco- hol use over this period, being aware of the amount you're drinking, the triggers that predict alcohol use, and thinking about how you feel afterwards can also be helpful preparation for cutting down or stopping alcohol use. Telling someone that you intend to take part in Dry January creates a kind of contract that is more diffi- cult to go back on than if you keep the intention to stop drinking to yourself. Although we often think of shame as a negative state, it can be helpful in this situation if it helps you commit and adhere to your original aim of having an alcohol free month. If you can persuade friends or family to take part with you, this can be even better. For some, it might be just too tempting to have alcohol in the house. Even if you don't think this would be a problem, it is worth removing not only the temptation but making it harder to access alcohol should there be that spontaneous urge. Although it's difficult to avoid all the cues we associate with alco- hol, given how widely available it is and the number of adverts and promotions we are all exposed to. Another way to prepare is to put in place some al- ternative ways of relaxing and rewarding yourself. If alcohol has been your way of celebrat- ing or winding down after work, then having another way to achieve the same thing will help reduce that feeling of missing out. You could meet friends at the cinema rather than the pub, reward yourself with chocolate rather than a glass of wine, or offer to be the designated driver to remove temptation. It's important to be prepared for a lapse in abstaining from alcohol, as it's easy to catastro- phise it. Usually, this can mean that after having just one drink, a person feels they have failed completely and that there's no point carrying on with the orig- inal aim. This type of thinking creates self-approved permis- sion to carry on drinking. Rather than view that one lapse as a disaster that cannot be recovered from, try to view it as nothing more than one mistake. It can even provide useful insight on triggers or situations you need to be con- sidered in future. This might be finding ways of cele- brating that don't include alcohol, for example. If ever there was a year we needed a break from al- cohol, this is it. Surveys show that during the pan- demic some of us significantly increased the amount of alcohol we consumed. Given the stress, isolation and grief that many experienced during the past two years, it's easy to see why people might have turned to alcohol as a way of coping or simply to mitigate unwanted thoughts and feelings. This year's attempt at Dry January will be improved if the preparation for it starts in December. That doesn't mean making difficult sacrifices. Instead, it's about making incremental changes that are likely to help maximise achieving your goal of getting to Feb- ruary without a drop of alcohol touching your lips. 13 maltatoday | SUNDAY • 2 JANUARY 2022 Ian Hamilton is Associate Professor of Addiction, University of York Suzi Gage is Lecturer, Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Liverpool OPINION Ian Hamilton & Suzi Gage Try having a Dry January this year It's important to be prepared for a lapse in abstaining from alcohol, as it's easy to catastrophise it. Usually, this can mean that after having just one drink, a person feels they have failed completely and that there's no point carrying on with the original aim Judy Garland in Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas