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15 maltatoday | WEDNESDAY • 5 JANUARY 2022 INTERNATIONAL NEWS One year after Capitol siege, US democracy still faces test ONE year after supporters of Donald Trump stormed the US Capitol and shut down Congress, Americans still await a reckoning on the unprecedented challenge to the country's democracy. Was it a simple protest-turned-riot? An insurrection? A coup attempt plotted by Trump? Videos from January 6, 2021 bear wit- ness to the violence wrought in the former president's name. Attackers are seen beating security of- ficers with iron bars and clubs. A police- man is crushed in a doorway, howling in pain. Rioters clad in assault gear chant "Hang Mike Pence," while the vice president and Democratic and Republican lawmakers flee. A woman is fatally shot in a Capitol hallway. Americans were stunned by the hours- long assault, and so was much of the world, accustomed to seeing the United States as a model of stable democracy. One year later, the brazen attempt to pre- vent Democrat Joe Biden from taking of- fice after his victory in the November 2020 presidential election needs an accounting. "Not even during the Civil War did in- surrectionists breach our Capitol, the cit- adel of our democracy," Biden said in July. "This was not dissent. It was disorder. It posed an existential crisis and a test of whether our democracy could survive." Trump defiant A year later, more than 700 people in- volved in the January 6 attack have been charged, for assaulting law enforcement officers and breaking into and desecrating the halls of Congress. Investigations have shown a concerted effort by Trump and his allies to prevent Pence from leading Congress in certifying Biden as the lawfully elected president. The looming question is: how are the at- tack and Trump's effort linked? A special committee of the House of Rep- resentatives is investigating, but the deep- er they get, the more sensitive it becomes. If they find evidence suggesting that Trump knowingly incited the attack, or plotted to illegally keep power, should they risk more turmoil by seeking an unprece- dented criminal prosecution of an ex-pres- ident? For the first anniversary of the attack on Thursday, House Speaker Nancy Pelo- si has ordered a "solemn observance" in Congress. Trump, who remains the most powerful figure in the Republican Party, plans his own January 6 commemoration in Palm Beach, Florida, which he says will focus on the "rigged" presidential election of 2020. Although he has shown no evidence that the election was fraudulent, polls show that around two-thirds of Republican vot- ers believe him. And Republican lawmakers, aware that Trump can make or break them politically, have almost uniformly fallen in line. Even Pence won't speak against him. Instead, the party is seeking to regain power in the 2022 congressional elections and in 2024, when Trump could run again for president. Concerted effort to nullify election The arc of events leading to January 6, 2021 has become clearer. Months before the vote, Trump declared it would be fraudulent and he would not accept losing. On election night when Biden's victory was clear, he refused to concede. For six weeks, Trump and his backers sought to reverse vote counts in key states by lawsuits and pressure on leaders. When that effort failed, they set their sights on January 6, when Pence was to convene the two houses of Congress to certify Biden's victory. One point of attack was to summon Trump supporters to Washington. "Big protest in D.C. on January 6th," Trump tweeted. "Be there, will be wild!" Another was to pressure Pence to halt the certification, based on dubious legal jus- tifications mapped out and circulated by Trump allies, his chief of staff Mark Mead- ows, and some Republican lawmakers. Those two efforts merged on January 6. As Congress prepared to meet, Trump told followers at a White House rally that the election had been "rigged" and vowed to "never concede." Pence was the key, he said. "If Mike Pence does the right thing, we win the election." He urged the crowd to descend on Con- gress and to "fight like hell." Thousands marched to the Capitol, in- cluding members of militant groups called the Proud Boys and Oath Keepers, many wearing combat-style body armor and hel- mets. In a nearby hotel, Trump allies operated a "war room" in touch with people on the street, with Trump's Oval Office, and with Republican lawmakers in Congress. The violent attack that came next shut down the Capitol, halting certification. It sent lawmakers fleeing and left five people dead and scores injured. It took police and federal troops more than six hours to regain control and re- move the attackers. Finally, in the early morning hours of January 7, Pence officially certified Biden as president-elect. Rush to complete probe Many thought the rapid-fire impeach- ment of Trump over the following two weeks, and Biden's inauguration on Janu- ary 20, would consign the whole episode to history. But Trump didn't go away. He secured his power over the Repub- lican Party, rejected all criticism, and pledged a comeback. Democrats, aghast, are demanding a public reckoning. "Inaction -- or just moving on -- is simply not an option," said Democratic Congress- man Bennie Thompson, who leads the House investigation. The committee, which has already in- terviewed around 300 people, needs to complete its work before the November 2022 midterm elections, when Republi- cans could retake control of the House and snuff out the probe. In December, committee vice chair Liz Cheney, one of a handful of Republicans to support the investigation, made clear the panel's sights were on Trump. "There has been no stronger case in our nation's history for a congressional inves- tigation into the actions of a former presi- dent," Cheney said. "We cannot surrender to president Trump's efforts to hide what happened." Experts say baring the truths about Janu- ary 6 poses huge political risks for the Bid- en administration. But leaving them buried is also danger- ous. "January 6 was the harbinger of a clear and present danger," William Galston, a political scientist at the Brookings Institu- tion, told AFP. "The effort to nullify the results of a dem- ocratic election failed," he said. "Will that be true three years from now? That's not so clear. Because the people who were determined to nullify the effects of the 2020 election have learned a lot." Pro-Trump protesters storm into the US Capitol on 6 January 2021